Type 31 Frigate (Inspiration Class) [News Only]

Contains threads on Royal Navy equipment of the past, present and future.

What will be the result of the 'Lighter Frigate' programme?

Programme cancelled, RN down to 14 escorts
52
10%
Programme cancelled & replaced with GP T26
14
3%
A number of heavy OPVs spun as "frigates"
127
25%
An LCS-like modular ship
22
4%
A modernised Type 23
24
5%
A Type 26-lite
71
14%
Less than 5 hulls
22
4%
5 hulls
71
14%
More than 5 hulls
103
20%
 
Total votes: 506

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donald_of_tokyo
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Re: Type 31 General Purpose Frigate

Post by donald_of_tokyo »

RetroSicotte wrote:I think much of the question needs to rest on "How many low end vessels do we need to cover those requirements?"
Then ask, once that number is met, how many proper escorts can be afforded?
Just to offer a different direction on the thoughtline. Rather than thinking top down, think requirements up.
Which tasks do we currently do that could be done by a lighter vessel, how light does that vessel need to be to do it, and how many are needed?
Then ask, what can be afforded after the requirements are met?
I suspect Gaberiel may be on to something by saying "If we kept the first three Rivers, would these minor requirements be met? Would a couple more auxiliary vessels then meet it? Are the requirements met? Okay, now Type 26."
No objection. But resource limit is there.

With Brexit requiring resource for many fields, including boarder control, while NATO is unchanged (hi-end warfare issue is not affected), and economy is in recession likely, I cannot expect any increase in resource. Thus, increasing the resource to build 13 T26 is not likely.

Then, you need to cut requirement.

From T26GP to T31, it is not required to "be able to be update to top-rate ASW within a year or two". It is not required to provide up to 24 land attack missiles to launch. It is not required to provide ultra-long range/endurance. (Light frigate option (1))

Or just reduce 5 T26 GP to 3. (escort number reduction option (2)).

I understand many here likes option (2), rather than (1). I have no objection here.

What I am asking in support of option (1) is that, I do not understand why 2 light frigates with 24 CAMM each (of course NOT 12) cannot do as good as 1 T26 frigate with 48 CAMM. I still have no good answer. (ES-san, I agree 2 light frigates each with 12 CAMM is not good. There is no disagreement here. How's it if 24 each CAMM?). For ASW, they can be added with CAPTAS-1 or 2, to become 2nd-rate ASW ship, if need arises. There are many such ships in the globe, like in USN (But USN is using CAPTAS-4 on LCS, a bit higher grade than here. That differs, I agree. What I am talking here is that they are NOT super-quiet hull. AB DDG as well). I do not think ALL USN ships will be sunk immediately by SSN/SSK, although totally agree will suffer difficulty compared to T23/T26. So, they are "less useful" in ASW, but not "useless".

On the other hand, I also think option (2) is good, because the development cost of the light frigate is not needed, and all resources spent can come out as a real ship. But this option needs some tasks to be cut (another way of requirement cut). Here I propose FRE and 1 of the Kipion escorts. (APT-S is already gapped).

RN is getting huge increase in land attack capability with CVF and 8 T26s. Also getting back some of the ASW resource by 9 P-8As. "In place", not requiring 5 T26GP is not that unfair, looks like.

rec
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Re: Type 31 General Purpose Frigate

Post by rec »

Given the cost of the T26, there is nothing wrong in a lower cost escourt, which will bring an in crease in escourt numbers, after all terer is quality in quanity. One frigate can only be in one place at a time. So in my opinion there is nothing wrong with 8 T26s (providing they all have TAS, land attack and anti surface missles, carry a large enough VLS stystem for camm, have CIWS, as tt and merlin), back up by 8 smaller but still capable (camm, antisurface missles, cheper TAS and wildcat).

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WhitestElephant
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Re: Type 31 General Purpose Frigate

Post by WhitestElephant »

If we continue in the direction we are going, we will end up with a chaotic surface fleet of batch sized classes:
6 x T45
8 x T26
5 x T31 (waste of money)
5 x B2 River
~8 x MHC

What a mess, and a logistical and training nightmare.

If I had all power and authority, I would immediately drop all mention of T31. Instead, I would get as many Sonar 2087 T26 as possible on-top of the eight we are already getting. That would be 10-11 full fat T26 in total. Or if Hammond is nice, get all 13 (or 14 for the sake of round numbers).

MHC is where I would seek to introduce "mass" to the surface fleet. NOT as frigate or a corvette, but a simple (and cheap) sloop for MHC and OPV work. I would use the base B2 River design and expand on it, with the facilities and space to operate a variety of future off board systems, including the future MHC kit. Armament would be the same as currently envisioned for a B2 River (i.e 30 mm cannon) and I would retain the Merlin flight deck. I would build ~15 of these, bearing in mind they will replace the Hunts, Sandowns, Echo and River B2 classes.

The five B2 Rivers would be transferred to the Border Force to create a proper coastguard and be partially manned by RN reservists. A post-brexit dividend, in light of the need to secure our waters and borders!

So my RN:
6 x T45
10-11 x T26 (all Sonar 2097)
~15 x MHC & OPV

Border Force:
5 x B2 River
5 x existing cutters
Though we are not now that strength which in old days moved earth and heaven, that which we are, we are. - Lord Tennyson (Ulysses)

rec
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Re: Type 31 General Purpose Frigate

Post by rec »

The trouble is too long has the Uk gone for wholey expensive bespoke solutions such as Nimrod, and we can't argue that our equipment is so much better than anyone elses, and numbers don't matter. Look at the the following in cash terms between 3 countries with similar economies and costs.

UK spends $56.2 billion dollars per anum on defence
France spends $46.8 billion dollars per anum on defence
Japan spends $41.1 billion per anum on defence.

If you look at the sizes of the aemed forces of these countries, the Uk's seem smaller by comparison, you can't say that our procurement strategy is as effective as it could be.

So hence I don't think the Type 31 is a disaster, depending on the design and capabilities, like wise SSKs as well as SSNs. Japan's navy is effective, so is Frances, their aoirfoces and armies are larger. So space for a more sensible procurement policy. Also France and Japan have a larger industrial base than the UK and this is a major factor.

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Re: Type 31 General Purpose Frigate

Post by Ron5 »

rec wrote:after all there is quality in quantity
No.

A thousand River class can't do the job of one Type 23.

A million Type 23 can't do the job of one CVF.

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Re: Type 31 General Purpose Frigate

Post by Ron5 »

rec wrote:The trouble is too long has the Uk gone for wholey expensive bespoke solutions such as Nimrod, and we can't argue that our equipment is so much better than anyone elses, and numbers don't matter. Look at the the following in cash terms between 3 countries with similar economies and costs.

UK spends $56.2 billion dollars per anum on defence
France spends $46.8 billion dollars per anum on defence
Japan spends $41.1 billion per anum on defence.

If you look at the sizes of the aemed forces of these countries, the Uk's seem smaller by comparison, you can't say that our procurement strategy is as effective as it could be.

So hence I don't think the Type 31 is a disaster, depending on the design and capabilities, like wise SSKs as well as SSNs. Japan's navy is effective, so is Frances, their aoirfoces and armies are larger. So space for a more sensible procurement policy. Also France and Japan have a larger industrial base than the UK and this is a major factor.
Seriously? You think the Japanese defense forces are in any way comparable to the UK?

It's like the idiot that came up with this in Sept 2015 ...

Image

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WhitestElephant
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Re: Type 31 General Purpose Frigate

Post by WhitestElephant »

Ron5 wrote:Seriously? You think the Japanese defense forces are in any way comparable to the UK?

It's like the idiot that came up with this in Sept 2015 ...
I'd say hes more than an idiot if he uses Global Firepower as a "source". :lol:
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Re: Type 31 General Purpose Frigate

Post by Repulse »

I agree the MHC could be a future sloop that can pick up constabulary tasks also. However, forget any idea of this until after 2030, so to alleviate pressure before then I can see an Avenger type filling the WIGS, FIGS and APT(S) duties nicely.

I do agree though that keeping the Batch 1 Rivers is worthwhile and probable given Brexit and the need to increase fisheries patrol.

So outside MHC, i could see the following as a good compromise (with a slight increase in funding):
- 6 T45s
- 12 T26s (Full fat)
- 3 T31s around the Avenger level of capability - toward based in FI, Caribbean and GiB.
- 6 Batch 1 / 2 Rivers (HMS Clyde sold)
”We have no eternal allies, and we have no perpetual enemies. Our interests are eternal and perpetual, and those interests it is our duty to follow." - Lord Palmerston

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Re: Type 31 General Purpose Frigate

Post by Caribbean »

Repulse wrote:I agree the MHC could be a future sloop that can pick up constabulary tasks also. However, forget any idea of this until after 2030, so to alleviate pressure before then I can see an Avenger type filling the WIGS, FIGS and APT(S) duties nicely.

I do agree though that keeping the Batch 1 Rivers is worthwhile and probable given Brexit and the need to increase fisheries patrol.

So outside MHC, i could see the following as a good compromise (with a slight increase in funding):
- 6 T45s
- 12 T26s (Full fat)
- 3 T31s around the Avenger level of capability - toward based in FI, Caribbean and GiB.
- 6 Batch 1 / 2 Rivers (HMS Clyde sold)
If that was the compromise on offer, I think that most would be pretty happy - one less T26, but all equipped for ASW. If the 3 T31s were also designed to be fitted out for ASW, even if they were more limited, then even better. Unfortunately I don't think that there is enough left in the budget for anything like 12 T26, never mind some extra T31s. HMG would have to put back the £750m that it allegedly diverted elsewhere and also cover the cost overrun on the T26s. I would be surprised if the total was less than an extra £2b.

Currently, I just can't see the RN getting better than 8 T26 plus 5 3000t hulls.
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ArmChairCivvy
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Re: Type 31 General Purpose Frigate

Post by ArmChairCivvy »

Caribbean wrote: I think that most would be pretty happy - one less T26, but all equipped for ASW.
Budget-wise that would balance. Does not do away with the rest of the problem:
1. T45s are one-trick ponies (essential, though)
2. The unit price of T26s is high, not only bcz they have ASW features (and the size to make them the next AAW platform, built as Batch 2), but they are also the only RN ships that can do the Global Cruiser job - when necessary as singletons
3. So, disregarding the boats question that goes wider than what the RN is expected to achieve, without cancelling any of the essential pieces there's only crumbs left for the additional surface units - which clearly are needed... time to assess Standing Tasks, before we place the order (heh-heh, decide on the design parameters, rather)?
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Re: Type 31 General Purpose Frigate

Post by seaspear »

A big question might be how much of the kitty will be left after bringing the T45 to full capabilities ,would that impact the "design"and numbers of the type31??

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Re: Type 31 General Purpose Frigate

Post by Repulse »

Just realised I said 3 Avenger when I meant 3 Cutlass types - still getting confused by all these names...
”We have no eternal allies, and we have no perpetual enemies. Our interests are eternal and perpetual, and those interests it is our duty to follow." - Lord Palmerston

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Re: Type 31 General Purpose Frigate

Post by marktigger »

very much depends on political will if we are more reliant on exports across the world some of the high end technologies are in defence both systems and platforms. So we might actually benefit

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Re: Type 31 General Purpose Frigate

Post by ArmChairCivvy »

seaspear wrote:A big question might be how much of the kitty will be left after bringing the T45 to full capabilities ,would that impact the "design"and numbers of the type31??
Now we are talking... stack the place for 155 mm rounds / strike length tubes (reserved for) with two vertically stacked quad-packed camms and drop the helipad, now in place, onto a T31, and put lots of TLAMs in that space
Ever-lasting truths: Multi-year budgets/ planning by necessity have to address the painful questions; more often than not the Either-Or prevails over Both-And.
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Re: Type 31 General Purpose Frigate

Post by marktigger »

could the type 31 be built at barrrow in furness? given labur and SNP are keen to diversify out of nuclear subs and build frigates then follow them on at barrow with type 26

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Re: Type 31 General Purpose Frigate

Post by PAUL MARSAY »

need to get on and build a class of cutlas type of frigate/corvettes for 2nd rate tasks releasing type 23 for carrier escort roles .

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Re: Type 31 General Purpose Frigate

Post by donald_of_tokyo »

Image

Image

Compared. As I do not have access to Janes, please correct me if you find apparent mistake.

The Cutlass CG is pretty much a "Khareef cut-and-paste, with central extention".
- Bow. The gun looks "a little" larger, possibly imitating 5inch.
- SAM. A bit taller VLS house. Looks like only 12 CAMM.
- Mast. Looks as if Cutlass is using SMART-S Mk.2 [I think it "shall" be 997 Artisan]
- Middle hull. (Later)
- 1st funnel added. May be 2 independent-shaft config (as Venator110 Frigate) but rather the 1st funnel is for the enhanced electric propulsion's diesel generators.
- 2nd funnel and hanger. Apparently the "copy-and-paste". So the hanger is Wildcat capable. Flight deck is reported to be Merline capable (=3m longer (~23m, the same to T23) than those is Khareef. (~20m)).

Mid hull extention is located at the end of Bridge super-structure. The extention of 10m (as reported) is 1/3~1/2 filled with the 1st funnel. So the "mission deck" is apparently small. It looks like the mission bay is enclosed. SSMs with the same design to those which will be carried on T23-mod, will be able to be fitted right back this area (guess), FFBNW for RN, possibly .

It is reported have a dimension of 112 x 14.6 (or more?). For comparison, ANZAC frigate as built is 118x14.8 m, with 3600t FL, 6000 nm range. Thus Culass will be 3000-3500t FL range (if width is unchanged). In other words, it is typical light frigate size of 1990-2000s built (e.g. MEKO200s). So, with modern standard, Cutlass is "very small" as a frigate. Thus, the mission bay shall be small, and internal "margines" will be limited. Thus, 1x 5in gun, 24x (not 12) CAMM, a Wildcat in hangar, hull-sonar and 2x 30mm guns will be all they can have, to keep the margin to some extent (guess).

#Note, it's fighting power is similar to ANZAC-NZ-mod. But we shall also be aware of the fact that they are one of the most lightly armed MEKO200s. Thus, Cutlass will be "doable".

Def. Commitee 20/7/16, Admiral Sir Philip Jones: (compared to T26 as a hi-end ASW asset)...The difference with the general purpose frigate that will come as part of the national shipbuilding strategy is that it is deliberately designed to be a much less high-end ship. It is still a complex warship, and it is still able to protect and defend and to exert influence around the world, but it is deliberately shaped with lessons from wider industry and off-the-shelf technology to make it not only much more appealing to operate at a slightly lower end of Royal Navy operations but of interest to a much wider set of our international partners.

So it is intended to be a so called light frigate.

The stern's freeboard and width is not much different from T23. I think this means, "IN FUTURE, IF NEEDED", they can carry CAPTAS-2, at least, like those carried on Norwayan Nansen Frigates, Saudi F4000, UAE Kortenaer-class frigates, and Malaysian SGPV-LCS. I think these frigates are typical "2nd-rate" ASW frigates.

Other than increasing the CAMM from 12 to 24, I think the ship shall increase it's width, by say 0.5-1m, i.e. "broad-beamed" version. In general, extending the beam is not that diffucult (see Leander class B.3 ships). But this will increase internal space, improve the fit-out "easiness" (cost down), and increase the range/endurance (from STM marines PDF on OPV). If 15.6m width (1m wider), it may load as large as 3200-3700t. Or even wider as 16m/4000t or so. This extension will be useful to increase "future growth margin".

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Re: Type 31 General Purpose Frigate

Post by Gabriele »

I'm wondering if perhaps there aren't other CAMM cells in the low superstructures on either side of the hangar in both Avenger and Cutlass designs, to replicate the split arrangement on Type 26.

It is a wild guess, but it would be technically doable, and it would give some kind of sense to the weird structures on the flanks of the hangar.

Even if they were CAMM cells, i'd still personally suggest to go with a full width hangar instead. Space for the embarked Flight(s), both manned and unmanned, is never a waste.
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Re: Type 31 General Purpose Frigate

Post by ArmChairCivvy »

Excellent summary, Donald, thanks.
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Re: Type 31 General Purpose Frigate

Post by RetroSicotte »

It's hard not to like the "look" visually of the Cutlass, it's a pretty light ship.

It on top of 13 proper frigates? Hell yes.

Instead of proper frigates? Hell no.

As with T26, the lack of any confirmed ASM terrifies me.

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Re: Type 31 General Purpose Frigate

Post by Ron5 »

Agree, good appraisals by Donald & Gabriele.

The problem, of course, lies in the parts we cannot see.

The Type 21 looked a wonderful warship, most attractive and very fast. But we couldn't see the weaknesses in its structure that limited speed in a seaway and caused later, heavy & expensive modifications which permanently lowered speed. We couldn't see its inability to deploy a towed sonar. We couldn't see the extensive use of structural aluminum that is now unacceptable. We couldn't see the poor survivability, poor subdivision & redundancy. We couldn't see the lack of margins which made it impossible to fit CIWS or upgrade missile systems beyond Seacat.

The sum of these failings meant that the Type 21 ended up being a failure and was quickly dumped by the RN.

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Re: Type 31 General Purpose Frigate

Post by ArmChairCivvy »

Some tight packing of (various) missiles onto otherwise unused midship space here:

https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=photo ... UXC5ZqM%3A
Ever-lasting truths: Multi-year budgets/ planning by necessity have to address the painful questions; more often than not the Either-Or prevails over Both-And.
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Re: Type 31 General Purpose Frigate

Post by PAUL MARSAY »

what is in the deckhouse in front of the bridge ?

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Re: Type 31 General Purpose Frigate

Post by Caribbean »

Donald-san - nice analysis - thanks

A question - if there is enough room for 12 (or 24) CAMM VLS cells, then is there enough room for 8 (or 16) Mk 41 cells? I appreciate that the CAMM-only cells are probably more a cost issue, but the Mk41s (even if only tactical length) would provide more flexibility
RetroSicotte wrote:Instead of proper frigates? Hell no.
Agreed. It's a shame that nothing like this was available as a "make-work" option when it was realised that the T26 design wouldn't be ready, they would make a good "Holland Class" equivalent.
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Re: Type 31 General Purpose Frigate

Post by Engaging Strategy »

Ron5 wrote:Agree, good appraisals by Donald & Gabriele.

The problem, of course, lies in the parts we cannot see.

The Type 21 looked a wonderful warship, most attractive and very fast. But we couldn't see the weaknesses in its structure that limited speed in a seaway and caused later, heavy & expensive modifications which permanently lowered speed. We couldn't see its inability to deploy a towed sonar. We couldn't see the extensive use of structural aluminum that is now unacceptable. We couldn't see the poor survivability, poor subdivision & redundancy. We couldn't see the lack of margins which made it impossible to fit CIWS or upgrade missile systems beyond Seacat.

The sum of these failings meant that the Type 21 ended up being a failure and was quickly dumped by the RN.
I think this pretty much hits the nail on the head. Whatever savings you make from building these ships will be eaten up when you've got to replace them after 15 years of service once it's realised that the growth margins are too small and the platform's inherent limitations become more apparent. These days it's pretty much expected that medium-sized surface warships like escorts will last around 30 years and require several major upgrades throughout their life. As Ron5 points out, if they're built "for today" like Type 21, they won't survive long enough to justify the cost of building them in the first place.

Back in the 70s, 80s and early 90s the RN could afford a class like Type 21 because they had tens of first-rate escorts. T-21 were useful for a time before being relegated to secondary duties (the remaining ships of the class spent most of their lives after the Falklands in the West Indies or South Atlantic). Nowadays we don't have the luxury of operating a class of ships that will rapidly become obsolete and either require replacing or suffer relegation to non-combat duties.
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